Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Deformities: Uncovering the Hidden Impact on Mobility and Comfort

Rheumatoid arthritis often casts a long shadow over daily life, but its impact is particularly profound when it comes to the feet. Understanding how it can lead to painful foot deformities is essential for reclaiming mobility and comfort, empowering individuals to navigate their world with confidence.

In this article, we will explore how rheumatoid arthritis affects the feet, the types of foot deformities that may occur, and available treatment options to relieve pain and improve mobility for those affected. Contact our experts at Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Center in Greater Columbus, OH, today for more information!

Rheumatoid Arthritis Explained

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, primarily targeting the joints. The condition leads to chronic inflammation, which can result in joint damage over time.

RA can affect multiple joints throughout the body, often in a symmetrical pattern. The inflammation in RA primarily targets the synovial lining of the joints, leading to swelling, stiffness, and, in severe cases, joint deformities.

How Does Rheumatoid Arthritis Affect the Feet?

Approximately 90% of rheumatoid arthritis patients experience symptoms in their feet and ankles at some point during the course of the disease. The inflammation that occurs in RA can cause damage to the cartilage, tendons, and ligaments in the foot and ankle joint, leading to instability and pain.

The small joints in the midfoot, forefoot, and toes are particularly vulnerable to damage, and over time, these affected joints may become misaligned. This leads to foot deformities, which can severely impact mobility and quality of life.

Foot Deformities Caused by Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to several types of foot deformities, many of which are painful and debilitating. Some of the most common foot deformities seen in rheumatoid arthritis patients include:

Hallux Valgus (Bunions): Hallux valgus, commonly known as bunions, is a deformity where the big toe shifts toward the other toes, causing the base of the big toe to protrude outward. This misalignment is often caused by inflammation in the joint and can lead to significant discomfort when walking or wearing shoes.
Claw Toes and Lesser Toe Deformities: Rheumatoid arthritis can also cause claw toes, where the smaller toes bend into a claw-like shape. This deformity is a result of joint damage in the smaller toes and can cause foot pain, calluses, and difficulty with footwear. Lesser toe deformities may also include hammertoes and mallet toes, which further impair foot function.
Foot Arch Collapse: As the posterior tibial tendon weakens, the arch of the foot may collapse, leading to flatfoot deformity. This not only affects the foot’s appearance but also creates an imbalance in weight distribution, causing additional strain on the foot and ankle joint.
Joint Subluxation: In severe cases of RA, the joints in the midfoot and forefoot can become subluxated, meaning the bones partially dislocate. This leads to instability and difficulty walking.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Deformities Treatment

Managing foot deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis requires a combination of medical treatments and supportive care. The primary goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and maintain mobility. Treatment options may include:

Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics may also be prescribed to slow the progression of RA and prevent further joint damage.
Orthotics and Footwear: Custom orthotics and specialized footwear can provide much-needed support to the foot and ankle, helping to redistribute pressure and alleviate discomfort caused by foot deformities.
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is often recommended to strengthen the muscles around the affected joints, improve flexibility, and reduce pain. Exercises focused on the posterior tibial tendon and other key areas can help restore function and stability.
Surgical Intervention: In cases where conservative treatments are not effective, surgery may be necessary to correct joint deformities. Surgical options can range from realigning bones and joints to fusing joints for added stability.

Take the First Step Toward Pain Relief

If you are experiencing foot pain or changes in your foot shape, it’s important to seek professional care early. At Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Center, located in Columbus, Ohio, and the surrounding area, our team specializes in treating rheumatoid arthritis-related foot and ankle conditions.

Schedule an appointment with us today to discuss personalized treatment options and take the first step toward pain relief and improved mobility!

Medically reviewed by Roberto A. Brandão, DPM, FACFAS

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