A sudden fall or traumatic impact to your heel can do more than just bruise—it could lead to a calcaneus fracture. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about calcaneal fractures, including what they are, how they occur, and the best options for diagnosis and treatment.
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The calcaneus (or heel bone) is the largest of the tarsal bones located in the foot. A calcaneus fracture occurs when this bone breaks, which often happens as a result of significant force, such as a fall from height or a car accident. These fractures are rare but can lead to serious complications, including chronic pain and long-term mobility issues, if not treated properly.
Calcaneus fractures can be classified into several types, with the most common being intra-articular (where the fracture extends into the joint) and extra-articular (outside the joint). Additionally, avulsion fractures occur when a small piece of bone is pulled off by a tendon or ligament, often affecting the Achilles tendon.
Calcaneus fractures typically result from high-energy trauma to the foot and ankle. Falls from ladders or other heights are among the most common causes, as the heel bone is subjected to intense force upon impact with the ground. Car accidents are another frequent cause, as the foot may be crushed or compressed during a collision.
In some cases, a calcaneus fracture can occur due to repetitive stress or overuse, particularly in athletes or individuals involved in activities that place excessive strain on the foot.
Several factors increase the likelihood of sustaining a calcaneus fracture, including:
Symptoms of a calcaneus fracture can vary depending on the severity of the injury. The most common signs include:
If you experience any of these symptoms after trauma to your foot, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.
To accurately diagnose fractures of the calcaneus, an orthopedic specialist will start with a physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. X-rays are typically the first imaging test used to confirm the fracture, providing detailed images of the heel bone.
In more complex cases, a CT scan may be required to assess the extent of damage to the bone and surrounding structures. This is particularly useful for intra-articular fractures that affect the joints in the foot and ankle.
Treatment options for calcaneus fractures depend on the severity of the injury. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatments may be recommended based on the type of fracture.
For less severe fractures, such as those that are not displaced, nonsurgical treatment may be sufficient. This typically involves:
In more severe cases, surgical treatment may be necessary to realign the broken bone and stabilize it with screws, plates, or other hardware. This is particularly important for displaced or intra-articular fractures, where the alignment of the heel bone and joints is critical for proper recovery.
Surgical treatment aims to restore the natural shape of the heel, improve function, and reduce the risk of long-term complications such as arthritis and chronic pain.
If you’ve experienced a calcaneus fracture, seeking expert care is essential to ensure proper healing and avoid complications. At Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, our team of specialists in Columbus, Ohio, is experienced in diagnosing and treating calcaneal fractures, using the latest techniques to provide the best outcomes for our patients.
Don’t let a broken heel bone affect your quality of life—contact us today to schedule an appointment and start your journey toward recovery!
Medically reviewed by Roberto A. Brandão, DPM, FACFAS
