What Causes Toe Nail Fungus?

Toe nail fungus (medically known as onychomycosis) is a common condition that affects the appearance and health of nails. While it may seem like a cosmetic issue, toenail fungus can cause discomfort and, in severe cases, lead to complications.

At Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Center in Greater Columbus, our team is here to help you address issues like toenail fungus with expert care and advanced treatment options. If you’re struggling with an infected nail, contact us today to schedule an appointment!

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What is Toenail Fungus?

Toenail fungus is a fungal infection that invades the nail bed, causing nails to become brittle, thickened, or discolored. Nail fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, making feet a prime target, especially when enclosed in shoes for long hours. Left untreated, fungal nail infections can spread to other nails and surrounding skin, causing further discomfort.

What Are the Common Causes of Toenail Fungus?

A foot with toenail fungus in Columbus, Ohio.

Toenail fungus can develop due to several factors, including:

  • Exposure to damp environments: Public pools, locker rooms, and shared showers are hotspots for nail fungi.
  • Nail injuries: A damaged nail bed can allow fungal infections to take hold.
  • Wearing tight shoes: This creates a warm, moist space where fungal infections thrive.
  • Poor hygiene: Not washing or drying feet thoroughly increases the risk.
  • Using contaminated tools: Nail salon equipment that hasn’t been sterilized can transfer fungal nail infections.

Is Toenail Fungus Contagious?

Yes, toenail fungus is contagious and can spread through direct contact or shared surfaces, such as communal showers or floors. Fungal infections can also spread within your household if infected nail clippings or tools are not properly handled. Taking precautions, like wearing sandals in shared spaces, can help prevent toenail fungus and other foot and ankle conditions from spreading.

How Can You Tell if You Have Toenail Fungus?

Common signs of a fungal nail infection include:

  • Discoloration (white, yellow, or brown hues)
  • Thickened or brittle nails
  • Crumbling at the nail edges
  • Changes in nail shape
  • A foul odor from the nail
 

If you notice these symptoms, it’s essential to seek diagnosis and treatment to prevent the condition from worsening.

Diagnosing Toenail Fungus

Diagnosing toenail fungus often involves a clinical examination of the infected nail. However, only about 50% of abnormal nails are fungal in nature. In some cases, a sample of the nail or debris from under the nail bed may be sent to a lab to identify the specific type of fungus. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to choosing the best course of action for treating toenail fungus.

How is Toenail Fungus Treated?

The treatment for toenail fungus depends on the severity of the infection:

  • Topical treatments: Antifungal nail polish or creams can be effective for mild infections.
  • Oral medications: Prescription antifungal pills may be recommended for persistent or severe cases.
  • Laser treatments: A non-invasive option that temporarily clears the nail but is not as effective at curing the fungus.
  • Surgical nail removal: For severely infected nails, surgical removal (temporary or permanent) may be necessary.
  • Non-surgical nail removal: Special treatments can soften and remove the infected nail without surgery.
 

Timely treatment is essential to restoring the nail’s health and preventing further complications.

Prognosis

With proper care and treatment, most cases of toenail fungus can be effectively managed. While some infections clear up within weeks, others may take months to fully resolve due to the slow growth of toenails. It’s important to follow your treatment plan to achieve the best outcome.

How to Prevent Toenail Fungus

Preventing toenail fungus requires consistent hygiene and smart practices, such as:

  • Keeping feet clean and dry.
  • Avoiding tight-fitting shoes.
  • Wearing breathable socks.
  • Using antifungal nail polish to protect against fungal nail infections.
  • Avoid walking barefoot in public places like pools or gyms.
  • Ensuring tools at your nail salon are properly sterilized.
 

By taking these precautions, you can significantly reduce the chances of developing a fungal infection.

Trust Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Center for Expert Nail Care

If you’re dealing with toenail fungus or any other concerns affecting your nails or feet, Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Center in Greater Columbus is here to help. Our team offers personalized treatment options, from advanced laser treatments to expert advice on preventing future fungal infections. Learn more about other conditions including athlete’s foot with us. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward healthier nails!

Medically reviewed by Sarah Abshier, DPM, CWS

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